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Abstract

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF), also known as Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), is a severe, often fatal illness affecting humans and non-human primates, caused by viruses of the genus Ebolavirus. First identified in 1976 during simultaneous outbreaks in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo, the disease has since emerged as one of the most virulent pathogens known to humankind. The Ebola virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. EHF is marked by sudden onset of fever, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and in many cases, internal and external bleeding. The disease has a high case fatality rate and lacks specific antiviral treatment, although supportive care and recent advancements in vaccine and therapeutic development offer promising avenues. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, focusing on its etiology, transmission, clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and public health implications. The article also reviews major outbreaks and ongoing efforts to control and prevent this deadly disease.