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Abstract

Diarrhea remains a significant global health concern, particularly in developing countries, where it contributes
to high morbidity and mortality rates, especially among children under five. This article provides an in-depth
examination of diarrhea, highlighting its primary causes, including infections from bacteria, viruses, and parasites,
as well as non-infectious triggers such as food intolerances, medications, and chronic diseases. Emphasis is placed
on the recognition of symptoms that differentiate acute from chronic diarrhea, alongside potential warning signs
of dehydration and systemic complications. The paper also explores current treatment modalities ranging from
oral rehydration therapy and dietary adjustments to antimicrobial agents and probiotic use. In addition, preventive
strategies such as improved sanitation, access to clean water, vaccination, and public health education are discussed
as critical tools in reducing disease incidence. By understanding the multifactorial nature of diarrhea and adopting a
comprehensive approach to management and prevention, healthcare providers and communities can significantly
reduce its impact and improve public health outcomes.