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Abstract

Accurate DNA quantification is critical across diverse biological and forensic applications. Recent studies highlight advancements in techniques such as droplet digital PCR for precise mitochondrial and circulating tumor DNA analysis, and improved real-time PCR methods utilizing novel internal references. The development of new fluorescent dyes enhances sensitivity and specificity, while comparative analyses underscore the advantages of fluorometric over spectrophotometric approaches for impure samples. Challenges in microbiome and next-generation sequencing workflows necessitate robust quantification and quality control strategies. Innovations, including microfluidic devices, provide rapid and accurate quantification from limited samples, collectively advancing precision in molecular diagnostics and research.

Keywords: DNA Quantification; Forensic Applications; Droplet Digital PCR; Real-time PCR; Fluorescent Dyes; Microbiome Studies; Circulating Tumor DNA; Next-Generation Sequencing; Microfluidic Devices; Quality Control