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Abstract

Bariatric surgery profoundly alters appetite regulation, driving significant and sustained weight loss. It primarily achieves this through substantial changes in appetite hormones like ghrelin and GLP-1, reducing hunger and increasing satiety [1]. The surgery also impacts the gut microbiota, neural signaling, and the brain’s reward system, leading to reduced preference for high-calorie foods [2, 5]. Different surgical types, such as Sleeve Gastrectomy and gastric bypass, exhibit distinct hormonal modulations [4, 9]. Overall, bariatric surgery reconfigures the gut-brain axis, enhancing satiety and suppressing hunger, offering a powerful mechanism for managing obesity [10].