中国P站

Abstract

Carcinogenesis is a complex process driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations, the tumor microenvironment, and external factors like oncogenic viruses and chronic inflammation. Cancer cells exhibit metabolic reprogramming, while oxidative stress and cancer stem cells further contribute to disease progression. The gut microbiota’s influence and the regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs are also critical. Understanding these diverse molecular and cellular mechanisms, from DNA damage to immune evasion, is paramount for developing targeted therapies and precision medicine approaches. This comprehensive view highlights promising avenues for diagnostics and interventions, offering a roadmap for more effective cancer treatment strategies.