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Abstract

Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive diagnostic modality, has emerged as a transformative tool in the realm of oncology, particularly in the monitoring and management of bone and soft tissue tumors. By analyzing circulating biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), microRNAs (miRNAs), exosomes, and other tumor-derived elements in bodily fluids, clinicians are now equipped with a real-time, dynamic snapshot of tumor biology. This advancement circumvents the limitations of traditional biopsy and imaging, especially in tumors with complex anatomical locations or high recurrence rates. This article delves into the growing utility of circulating biomarkers in orthopedic oncology, the technical and biological challenges in their clinical application, and the future direction of personalized cancer care in musculoskeletal oncology facilitated by liquid biopsy.