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Abstract

Microbial biofilms in drinking water distribution systems represent a critical concern, fundamentally influencing water quality, public health, and infrastructure integrity. Research details their formation mechanisms, the diverse microbial communities involved, and significant influencing factors like pipe materials, disinfectants, and disinfection by-products. These biofilms are recognized as important reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes and notably contribute to costly microbially induced corrosion. Studies explore various control strategies, from traditional physical and chemical methods to promising emerging novel approaches. An integrated
management approach, combining diverse strategies, is deemed crucial for effective mitigation, ensuring sustainable water safety and preventing extensive infrastructural damage.