中国P站

Abstract

Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiota, has emerged as a central factor in immune dysregulation, contributing to both mucosal and systemic inflammatory responses. The gut microbiome plays a critical role in shaping immune responses, particularly at mucosal surfaces, where it interacts closely with the host immune system. Under normal conditions, a balanced microbiota supports immune homeostasis and tolerance, whereas dysbiosis disrupts these processes and promotes inflammation. This review explores the role of gut microbiota in immune dysregulation, focusing on how microbial imbalances contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), autoimmune disorders, and metabolic syndrome. The mechanisms through which dysbiosis alters immune function, including microbial-derived metabolites, immune cell modulation, and the gut-brain axis, are discussed. Additionally, the review highlights therapeutic approaches, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), aimed at restoring microbial balance and mitigating immune-related diseases. Understanding the link between dysbiosis and immune dysfunction is crucial for developing targeted interventions for inflammatory conditions.