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Abstract

Endodontic pathology, predominantly driven by bacterial infections, affects the dental pulp and periapical tissues. Key areas of
Focus includes apical periodontitis pathogenesis, the challenges posed by microbial biofilms, and the host immune response. Emerging
Evidence highlights the connection between endodontic infections and systemic health. Advanced diagnostic tools like micro-CT
enhance understanding of lesion progression. Regenerative endodontics and multidisciplinary approaches to endodontic-periodontal
lesions represent evolving treatment paradigms. Effective management of pain and treatment failures remains critical.