中国P站

Abstract

Gene flow is a fundamental evolutionary process that influences the genetic structure and diversity of plant populations. In plants, gene flow primarily occurs through the movement of pollen and seeds, enabling genetic exchange both within and between species. This exchange can lead to hybridization, where individuals from genetically distinct populations or species interbreed, often resulting in novel genetic combinations. While hybridization may promote adaptation and the emergence of new species (speciation), it can also blur species boundaries and counteract divergence by homogenizing gene pools. The outcome of gene flow depends on a complex interplay of genetic, ecological, and reproductive factors including the presence of pre- and postzygotic barriers, genomic incompatibilities, and environmental selection pressures. Understanding how gene flow shapes hybridization and speciation provides key insights into plant evolution, biodiversity, and the mechanisms that maintain or disrupt reproductive isolation in natural populations.