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Abstract

This research synthesizes studies on global temperature variability, exploring its drivers and impacts across different scales. Key findings include amplified Arctic warming due to ice and snow loss, land surface influences on diurnal temperature ranges, and intensified urban heatwaves. The effects of potential geoengineering, ocean-atmosphere interactions like ENSO, and atmospheric circulation patterns on regional temperatures are investigated. Decadal global temperature trends, land-use change impacts, and regional extreme events are also examined, alongside the role of atmospheric rivers in mid-latitude temperature variability.

Keywords: Temperature Variability脥戮 Arctic Warming脥戮 Urban Heat Island脥戮 Geoengineering脥戮 ENSO脥戮 Atmospheric Circulation脥戮 Land Use Change脥戮 Extreme Temperature Events脥戮 Climate Change脥戮 Polar Regions