中国P站

Abstract

Mucosal immunity plays a pivotal role in defending against pathogens that enter through mucosal surfaces, such as the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts. The development of next-generation vaccines targeting mucosal immunity presents a promising approach to enhancing protection against a variety of infectious diseases. Despite the progress, there are numerous challenges in eliciting effective immune responses at mucosal sites, including overcoming the complexity of mucosal barriers, limited antigen delivery, and achieving long-lasting immunity. Recent innovations in vaccine technology, such as nanoparticle-based delivery systems, adjuvants, and the use of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) for antigen presentation, have paved the way for the next phase of mucosal vaccine development. This review discusses the current state of mucosal immunity, the challenges faced in designing vaccines that target mucosal barriers, and the emerging innovations that are shaping the future of vaccine design. The integration of mucosal immunity into vaccine strategies offers new avenues for better protection against global infectious threats

Keywords: Mucosal immunity; Next-generation vaccines; Immune barriers; Vaccine innovation; Antigen delivery; Nanoparticle-based systems; Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).