Mechanisms Driving Opioid Tolerance and Hyperalgesia
Received Date: Dec 01, 2025 / Published Date: Dec 29, 2025
Abstract
Opioid tolerance arises from complex cellular and molecular adaptations, including mu-opioid receptor desensitization, altered signaling pathways, and neuroinflammation. Genetic factors also influence susceptibility. Research explores mechanisms involving receptor trafficking, intracellular signaling, glial cell activation, and specific kinases like GRK2 and PKC. Biased agonism and targeting glial cells are promising therapeutic avenues to mitigate tolerance and enhance pain management
Keywords: Opioid Tolerance脥戮 Mu-Opioid Receptor脥戮 Receptor Desensitization脥戮 Neuroinflammation脥戮 Glial Cells脥戮 G-Protein Coupled Receptor Signaling脥戮 Genetic Predisposition脥戮 GRK2脥戮 Protein Kinase C脥戮 Biased Agonism
Citation: Zhou K (2025) Mechanisms Driving Opioid Tolerance and Hyperalgesia. jpar 14: 803 Doi: 10.4172/2167-0846.1000803
Copyright: © 2025 Kevin Zhou This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Select your language of interest to view the total content in your interested language
Share This Article
Recommended Journals
Open Access Journals
Article Tools
Article Usage
- Total views: 175
- [From(publication date): 0-0 - May 22, 2026]
- Breakdown by view type
- HTML page views: 109
- PDF downloads: 66
