中国P站

Abstract

Micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy plays a pivotal role in promoting maternal well-being, supporting optimal fetal development, and preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes. The increased physiological demands of pregnancy make it a critical window for ensuring adequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals. Deficiencies in key micronutrients such as iron, folic acid, iodine, vitamin D, calcium, and zinc have been linked with complications including anemia, neural tube defects, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preeclampsia, preterm birth, and compromised neonatal health. Micronutrient deficiencies are highly prevalent during pregnancy, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and are associated with a wide array of adverse outcomes such as anemia, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, preterm birth, and congenital anomalies. Micronutrient supplementation, including iron, folic acid, iodine, calcium, zinc, and multivitamin complexes, has emerged as a vital public health strategy to mitigate these risks and promote optimal health trajectories for both mother and child. The timing, dosage, and formulation of supplementation are also discussed, alongside socio-economic and regional considerations.