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Modulation of Postprandial GLP-1 Secretion and Glycemic Responses by a Food-Grade GLP-1 Formula in Human Subjects

Shih-Chien Huang¹, Yung-Kai Lin², Yung-Hsiang Lin^3,4, Shu-Ting Chan³ and Chi-Fu Chiang^3*

¹Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

²Institute of Food Safety and Risk Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan. Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University,, Taiwan

³Research & Design Center, TCI CO., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan

⁴Cell Validation Laboratory, TCI GENE INC, Taipei, Taiwan

Received Date: Feb 02, 2026 / Published Date: Feb 27, 2026

Citation: Huang SC, Lin YK, Lin YH, Chan ST, Chiang CF (2026) Modulation of Postprandial GLP-1 Secretion and Glycemic Responses by a Food-Grade GLP-1 Formula in Human Subjects. J Obes Weight Loss Ther 16: 878.DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000878

Copyright: © 2026 Huang SC, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permitsunrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Obesity and overweight remain major public health concerns, driving interest in gut hormone–based strategies for metabolic regulation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a central role in insulin secretion, appetite control, and postprandial glucose homeostasis. However, pharmacological GLP-1 agonists are limited by injectable administration and adverse effects, highlighting the need for food-grade alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate whether a food-grade multi-component GLP-1 Formula could modulate enteroendocrine hormone secretion and improve postprandial glucose metabolism in vitro and in humans. In vitro experiments were performed using human NCI-H716, HskMC, and HepG2 cells to assess GLP-1/PYY secretion and GLUT4/GLUT2 expression. A randomized, controlled, crossover trial was conducted in 25 adults who received the GLP-1 Formula or water before a 75 g oral glucose challenge. Plasma GLP-1, glucose, insulin, and subjective appetite were measured. GLP-1 Formula significantly increased GLP-1 and PYY secretion and upregulated GLUT4 and GLUT2 in vitro. In humans, GLP-1 Formula enhanced postprandial GLP-1 levels, attenuated glucose excursions, amplified early insulin responses, and showed a sustained trend toward reduced hunger and appetite. A food-grade multi-component GLP-1 Formula improved enteroendocrine and postprandial metabolic responses, supporting food-based GLP-1 modulation as a complementary strategy for metabolic health management.

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