中国P站

Abstract

Mucosal immune homeostasis is essential for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing excessive inflammatory responses at mucosal surfaces, including the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts. However, when this balance is disrupted, chronic inflammation can lead to a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. This review examines the pathways involved in mucosal immune homeostasis and the mechanisms by which dysregulation of these processes contributes to disease development. We focus on key factors, including immune cell dysfunction, cytokine imbalances, altered microbiota composition, and environmental triggers, that contribute to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Additionally, we discuss the molecular signaling pathways involved in maintaining mucosal immune balance and the consequences of their disruption. Understanding the factors underlying mucosal immune dysregulation can help identify novel therapeutic approaches for managing autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.