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Abstract

Mutation breeding remains a cornerstone for crop improvement, utilizing physical and chemical mutagens to induce genetic variation and enhance traits like yield and stress tolerance. Advanced techniques, including genome editing and doubled haploid technology, are being integrated with mutation breeding to accelerate cultivar development. Studies demonstrate the effectiveness of mutagens such as gamma rays and EMS in generating desirable mutations in various crops, with ongoing research focused on optimizing protocols and utilizing molecular markers and next-generation sequencing for efficient mutant identification and selection. These approaches are crucial for developing disease-resistant varieties and improving overall crop productivity for global food security.

Keywords: Mutation Breeding脥戮 Crop Improvement脥戮 Genetic Variation脥戮 Mutagenesis脥戮 Genomic Techniques脥戮 Genome Editing脥戮 Crop Resilience脥戮 Agricultural Sustainability脥戮 Doubled Haploid Technology脥戮 Molecular Markers