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Abstract

Neonatal respiratory distress is a critical condition with diverse etiologies including transient tachypnea, meconium aspiration syndrome, and pneumonia. Management strategies encompass surfactant therapy, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), mechanical ventilation, and inhaled nitric oxide. Non-invasive support is emphasized to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes require close monitoring. Specialized care, including ECMO, is vital for severe conditions like congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Caffeine citrate is crucial for apnea of prematurity.