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Abstract

This collection of reviews explores the multifaceted nature of obesity and metabolic syndrome. It highlights the critical roles of gut microbiota dysbiosis, skeletal muscle lipid metabolism, adipose tissue dysfunction, and chronic low-grade inflammation in driving insulin resistance and weight gain. Genetic and epigenetic factors further influence susceptibility. Effective management strategies discussed include lifestyle interventions like exercise and dietary pattern modification, alongside medical pharmacotherapies and bariatric surgery. Understanding these intricate mechanisms and diverse therapeutic approaches is key to combating metabolic disorders and improving patient outcomes.