Pain: A Biopsychosocial Journey Of Complexity
Received Date: May 01, 2025 / Published Date: May 29, 2026
Abstract
Pain perception is a complex interplay of sensory, affective, neuroinflammatory, and psychological factors, underscoring a biopsychosocial model. Central sensitization is a key mechanism transitioning acute to chronic pain. Psychological interventions prove effective in management. Emerging research explores the gut microbiome’s role, epigenetic mechanisms, and neural network alterations in pain processing. Sex differences and peripheral sensitization mechanisms are crucial for therapeutic development. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia and the bidirectional relationship between sleep and pain are significant considerations for effective pain management
Keywords: Pain Perception脥戮 Neuroinflammation脥戮 Central Sensitization脥戮 Psychological Interventions脥戮 Gut Microbiome脥戮 Epigenetics脥戮 Neural Networks脥戮 Sex Differences脥戮 Peripheral Mechanisms脥戮 Opioid- Induced Hyperalgesia
Citation: Tanaka H (2025) Pain: A Biopsychosocial Journey Of Complexity. J Pain Relief 14: 742. Doi: 10.4172/2167-0846.1000742
Copyright: © 2025 Hiroshi Tanaka This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
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