Parkinson?s Disease: Mechanisms, Management, and Future Directions
Received Date: Oct 02, 2025 / Published Date: Oct 30, 2025
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor and non-motor functions, primarily due to dopaminergic neuron loss. Pathogenesis involves alpha-synuclein aggregation, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Geneticpredispositionsandenvironmentalfactorsplaysignificantroles. Whilecurrenttherapiesmanagesymptoms, ongoingresearch aims for disease modification, with emerging insights from the gut-brain axis. The development of robust biomarkers is vital for early detection and effective treatment strategies.
Citation: Tanaka DK (2025) Parkinson芒聙聶s Disease: Mechanisms, Management, and Future Directions. CNOA 08: 316.
Copyright: 聽漏 2025 Dr. Kenji Tanaka This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted聽use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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