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Abstract

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by misfolded prion proteins, leading to neuronal damage and char
acterized by spongiform changes. While current treatments are supportive, research is advancing in understanding structural mecha
nisms, developing diagnostics using biomarkers like RT-QuIC, and exploring novel therapies such as small molecules and antibodies.
Genetic factors influence susceptibility, and prion propagation involves complex cellular pathways. Variant CJD, linked to BSE, un
derscores transmission concerns. The immune system’s role and cellular processes like chaperone function and degradation are areas
of active investigation. Early and sensitive diagnosis remains a critical goal for effective intervention.