中国P站

Abstract

Produced water management in the oil and gas industry faces challenges due to its complex composition. This review explores advancements in treatment technologies like membrane processes, advanced oxidation, and biological treatments, focusing on their efficacy, scalability, and economic viability. The trend towards beneficial reuse for irrigation and enhanced oil recovery is examined, highlighting the need for monitoring and regulation. Ecotoxicological impacts, economic assessments of treatment technologies, and nanotechnology applications are discussed. Challenges related to reinjection, agricultural reuse, water chemistry characterization, and regulatory frameworks are also addressed, alongside the importance of energy-efficient solutions for the energy-water nexus