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Abstract

Neonatal cardiac screening, primarily through pulse oximetry, is essential for early detection of critical congenital heart defects (CHDs), improving newborn outcomes by identifying hypoxemia and enabling timely intervention. Guidelines and protocols are continuously refined for accuracy and accessibility. Research supports routine screening’s effectiveness, emphasizing consistent protocol application to maximize detection and minimize false positives. Implementation challenges are being addressed to ensure equitable access. Pulse oximetry is validated as a valuable adjunct diagnostic tool, with ongoing advancements in technology and algorithms. Cost-effectiveness and integrated screening approaches are discussed, highlighting improved diagnostic timeliness and patient outcomes.