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Abstract

Bengaluru, India's burgeoning metropolis, faced a pressing water scarcity crisis during lean monsoon period in 2023-2024. This paper investigates the root causes of this crisis and proposes viable solutions for effective mitigation. The city has experienced 37.75% less rainfall in 2023 compared to the decadal average annual rainfall. Stage of ground water extraction has increased from 193% in the year 2022 to 217% in 2023 and the city is categorized as “Over-exploited”. The study reveals that rainfall deficit in 2023, coupled with escalating groundwater extraction rates and adverse land use practices are exacerbating the depletion of aquifers and drying up of borewells. The demand of water in the city is estimated to be 1891 Million Litre per Day (MLD) out of which current supply after losses is calculated to 1273 MLD leading to deficit of 618 MLD. Furthermore, areas lacking comprehensive Cauvery water supply exhibit deeper water levels, highlighting disparities in access to ground water resources. To address these challenges, the paper suggests a multifaceted approach encompassing regulatory measures, technological interventions, and community engagement. Recommendations include the drilling of strategic sanctuary water supply wells, stringent enforcement of water usage regulations, promotion of water-saving fixtures, and regulation of bulk water suppliers. Additionally, initiatives such as rainwater harvesting, lake conservation, and utilization of open spaces for recharge purposes are proposed to enhance water sustainability and ensure the long-term resilience of Bengaluru's water ecosystem.

Keywords: Rainfall deficit, Over-exploited, Land use practices, Decline in water levels, Regulatory measures