中国P站

Abstract

Chronic rejection remains a major challenge in organ transplantation, characterized by progressive graft fibrosis and dysfunc tion. This complex process involves immune-mediated mechanisms, including donor-specific antibodies (DSAs), and alloantibody independent factors such as chronic inflammation and comorbidities. Emerging research explores the roles of microRNAs, epigenetic modifications, and the gut microbiome in modulating immune responses and graft health. Current efforts are focused on developing targeted immunosuppressive therapies and identifying reliable biomarkers for early detection and prediction of chronic rejection. Strategies targeting the complement system and profibrotic pathways also hold promise for improving long-term graft survival.